Need for birth control in todays world
With the rapid growth of the people in the planet as well while the increased sense generally speaking attention for HIV/AIDS, has required to think on contraceptive methods. The current worlds populace is estimated to be around 6.4 billion with yearly growth of 76 million and ergo, it’s estimated to achieve 9 billion by year 2050. In next two years, worlds two very populous nations, India & China are anticipated to attain the population of 1.5 billion each i.e multiple third of the total world population of this time. It is worrying condition for the entire world to control this population explosion. Consequently, Us are advocating countries specially highly populated countries to manage their citizenry.
As per the study report for birth control methods if applied in 169 countries, 137 million women ready to delay their contraceptives, 64 million women are employing less effective birth control measures. If these women are contributed to adequate birth control treatment (like drugs, condoms), 23 million of unplanned births, 22 million induced abortions and 1.4 million infants could be avoided as estimated by Un Populace Fund.
Besides populace, HIV/AIDS can be very important factor forcing the necessity for contraception. Approximately, earth has 38 million individuals have either AIDS or infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). In eight African nations, one out of 5 adults is infected with HIV. Birth control methods are, thus, become imperative to control further spread of HIV/AIDS, particularly in these places. The population in these countries is expected at 35% reduce by 2025 free from HIV/AIDS. It’ll further reduce the total life expectancy by typically 29 years in these countries.
History of Contraception
200 AD, Greek gynecologist Soranus said that girls become fertile during ovulation. He proposed some birth control methods for women to avoid unrequired pregnancy like covering olive oil, pomegranate pulp, ginger, or tobacco juice around vagina to kill sperm, drinking tap water used by blacksmith to cool hot materials and jumping 7 times backward after the intercourse. Many contraceptive methods like ayurvedic solutions used decades before (aside from sexual abstinence). However, there are some historical documents of Egyptian women are found who were utilizing some organic or acid materials like crocodile dung or lubricants like honey or house essential olive oil as oral suppository, that they may have found with the capacity of killing sperm.
Nevertheless, industrial usage of birth control method were only available in 1960 in the proper execution of birth control pill. It was in 1950, when Planned Parenthood Federation of America invited biologist Dr. Gregory Pincus to develop oral contraceptive pill that would be benign, safe and widely acceptable for wife and man. After under going several tests with an increase of than 6,000 women in Puerto Rico and Haiti, it was 1960 once the first commercially produced contraceptive pill called Enovid-10 was introduced to women in USA.. That first oral contraceptive was made with two hormones Estrogen (100 to 175 microgram) and Progestin (10 mg). They certainly were proved to be 99% successful if taken as directed. With opinion, over 18 million women in US are depending on birth control pills
Forms of birth control pills
Unlike the decades old oral contraceptive pills (which had greater amount of hormones), todays contraception pills are in low-dose forms with health benefits. Therefore, women usually takes birth control pills with much fewer health risks.
Now there are three types of contraception pills available
1. Progestin only supplements (POP)
It is also referred to as mini-pill containing no estrogen. It’s recommended for nursing women since estrogen paid down milk production. That POP product functions thickening the cervical mucus and thus preventing sperm to enter womb
2. Combination contraceptive pills
The widely known contraceptive pills are receiving mix of two hormones progestin and estrogen. These types of oral contraceptive pills have any hormones were not contained by the pack of 21 active pills and 7 placebos, NNS. They’re, in reality, known as indication drugs
These mix pills are further sub-divided in to three forms of pills due to the degree of two hormones progestin and estrogen.
i) Monophasic contraception pills
Here, every active capsule contains the number of estrogen and progestin. The other eight drugs are placebo having number hormones. Menstruation starts when these placebo pills are taken
Two) Multiphasic birth control pills
They are also called biphasic or trphasic oral contraceptive pills because of different quantities of hormones in pills. These pills are required to be studied at particular amount of time in its entire pills plan. Multiphasic birth control pills help offsetting the dangers of oral contraceptives.
iii) Continuous birth control pills
it is also referred to as 365 days drugs to be used continuously throughout the year without the year. This is the new entry of oral contraceptive pills in the birth control market. Drug and food Administration (FDA) has approved Lybrel, which will be the sole continuous contraception pill approved so far and designed for general women use. Women do not get menstrual period while they are under the treatment of Lybrel, however, they might find some breakthrough bleeding or spotting, especially at the initial period.
3) Emergency contraception pills
Also known as morning after pills, these are created for immediate pregnancy protection after the unprotected sex. It’s highly recommended to take emergency pills within 48 hours and maximum 72 hours to work in avoiding pregnancy. They’re unique of usual oral contraceptive pills where you want your birth control much beforehand. Disaster supplements are also taken when the women are sexually assaulted. FDA has approved Plan B as the safest crisis drugs. As a result of OTC (over the counter) approval by FDA for women above 18 years, Plan B is now able to be bought behind drugstore counter.
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