To go the CCNA exam, you have surely got to learn how to use IGRP and EIGRP unequal-cost load balancing. You may not see much IGRP in production networks anymore, but you’ll see plenty of EIGRP, and part of fine-tuning your EIGRP network is ensuring that all paths have been in use while enabling various bandwidth costs.
Utilising the control could be the easy part – it is having the metric that is the difficult part with IGRP. With EIGRP, you just try looking in the topology dining table and that’s it. With IGRP, you have got to run a debug to get the best metric.
The variance command is a multiplier when the value given the command is multiplied by the lowest-cost metric, it must exceed the higher-cost metric for the higher-cost route to be included.
If that seems complicated, it is not. It’s one of those things that appears hard, but is not. Believe me!
In this example, R1 has two routes to 172.23.0.0, but happens to be using only 1. By looking in the Internet Protocol Address routing table, we have seen that the lowest-cost metric for network 172.23.0.0 on R1 is 8576. This route goes through the 172.12.123.0 community. There is still another route that uses the 172.12.13.0 system, but isn’t currently used.
I 172.23.0.0/16 [100/8576] via 172.12.123.2, 00:00:53, Serial0
IGRP doesn’t have a control that shows all good paths to a destination, as does EIGRP. The command debug internet protocol address igrp transactions will show the existing metric of the channels utilising the 512 KBPS route.
R1#debug internet protocol address igrp transactions
IGRP protocol debugging is on
19:17:51: IGRP: transmission demand on Loopback0
19:17:51: IGRP: transmission demand on Serial0
19:17:51: IGRP: transmission request on Serial1
On Serial1 19:17:51: update was received by IGRP: from 172.12.13.3
19:17:51: subnet 172.12.13.0, metric 23531 (neighbor 21531)
19:17:51: subnet 172.12.123.0, metric 23531 (friend 8476)
19:17:51: system 1.0.0.0, full 24031 (friend 8976)
19:17:51: network 2.0.0.0, metric 22131 (neighbor 1600)
19:17:51: system 3.0.0.0, full 22031 (friend 501)
19:17:51: system 172.23.0.0, full 21631 (friend 1100)
R1( config )#router igrp 1
R1( config-router )#variance 3
R1#show internet protocol address way 172.23.0.0
Routing entry for 172.23.0.0/16
Known via “igrp 1”, range 100, metric 8576
Redistributing via igrp 1
Advertised by igrp 1 (home begun)
Last update from 172.12.123.2 on Serial0, 00:00:01 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 172.12.13.3, from 172.12.13.3, 00:00:20 before, via Serial1
Route metric is 21631, traffic share count is 1
Total delay is 21000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 512 Kbit
Consistency 255/255, minimum MTU 1500 bytes
Packing 1/255, Hops 0
172.12.123.3, from 172.12.123.3, 00:00:20 before, via Serial0
Route metric is 8576, traffic share count is 3
Complete delay is 21000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 1544 Kbit
Consistency 255/255, minimal MTU 1500 bytes
Running 1/255, Hops 0
172.12.123.2, from 172.12.123.2, 00:00:01 before, via Serial0
Route metric is 8576, traffic share count is 3
Total delay is 21000 microseconds, minimum bandwidth is 1544 Kbit
Consistency 255/255, minimal MTU 1500 bytes
Loading 1/255, Hops 0
The metric for 172.23.0.0 through the direct connection is 21631. A variance of 3 means that any course with a metric significantly less than the best metric increased by the variance (in this case, 8576 x 3 = 25728) will be inserted in to the routing table. R1 now has three unequal-cost paths to 172.23.0.0 in its routing table, and place will be taken by load balancing.
IGRP unequal-cost load balancing requires some practice, but as you can see, when you get the full it’s an easy task to assist. Just ensure you understand how to get that full!
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