Today there are numerous alternatives for getting vibrant styles onto porcelain china. Some, like decoupage, waterslide decals and air-dry shows like Delta Air-Dry PermEnamel are within the reach of any house crafter.
Others, like dye sublimation printing, transfer printing and hand-glazing high-fired art require considerable investment in equipment and are ideal to well-capitalized businesses and artists cooperatives.
Today both traditional methods for getting styles onto pottery, hand-painting and transfer printing, remain. Additionally, there’s a model of waterslide decals used commercially which contains using the decals to the porcelain and screen-printing decals with glazes. In each case, the art is high-fired before decorating to at the very least cone 6. [Cone is just a way of measuring heat absorption resulting from heat applied over time. Cone 6 translates to between 2165 and 2269 degrees F (depending on how soon the kiln cooks or gates up ).] Such high-firing creates the tough almost-translucent quality of true porcelain. Then the piece is decorated and lightly fired repeatedly to melt and blend the glazes to the pottery.
Incidentally, the definition of porcelain has been applied more and more extensively as new methods developed. Ask any potter to define porcelain and he’ll probably give you the classic description. To a potter, legitimate pottery is high-fired (cone 6 or higher) white clay that’s at least significantly transparent. It has a big proportion of kaolin clay, with the remainder being mainly feldspar and silica. This clay formula accounts for the pure white gleam of pottery.
Merchants who paint porcelain (as opposed to make it) refer to three qualities of porcelain: hard-paste, soft-paste, and bone china. All of them include kaolin but only hard-paste has feldspar and silica and is high-fired. The high temperatures cause the glaze and your body to blend. When hard-paste porcelain is broken, it’s difficult to tell apart the human anatomy from the glaze.
Soft-paste porcelain provides ground glass or frit (material for glass that is perhaps not yet fused and vitrified) and is dismissed to between cone 01 and 1 (1999 to 2109 degrees F). Since soft-paste porcelain is fired at lower temperatures, it remains slightly porous and does not fully vitrify. When soft-paste porcelain is broken, you can distinguish a body covered with a layer of glaze.
Bone china has bone ash put into the kaolin and vitrifies (becomes glass-like) approximately cone 2 and cone 5 (2034 to 2205 F). as accurate porcelain though never as difficult, bone china is more durable than soft-paste porcelain. The bone ash significantly escalates the translucence of the pottery.
Finally, visit a tile shop and look at their porcelain tiles. You will see bottom clay which range from white to brown to gray, if they are turned by you over. The meaning of pottery in the tile industry has nothing regarding the clay content or amount of heating. Instead, tile companies establish as pottery any tile shot to the stage where it absorbs less than a few months water.
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